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FAQS

What are the 4 types of derivatives?

The main types of derivatives are:

  1. Futures – Standardized contracts to buy/sell an asset at a future date.
  2. Options – Give the right (but not obligation) to buy/sell at a set price.
  3. Swaps – Agreements to exchange cash flows (e.g., interest rate swaps).
  4. Forwards – Customized contracts similar to futures but traded over-the-counter (OTC).

🔹 A derivative is a financial contract that derives its value from an underlying asset (stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates).
🔹 Used for hedging risk or speculating on price movements.
🔹 Traded on exchanges (e.g., CME, ICE) or OTC (customized private deals).

Yes, for beginners, because:

  • Prices are affected by multiple factors (market trends, interest rates, time decay).
  • High leverage = High risk & reward.
  • Requires deep market knowledge.

With practice and strategy, it can be profitable but carries significant risk.

High risk – Losses can exceed initial investments.
Complexity – Requires market expertise.
Liquidity risk – Some contracts may be hard to trade.
Leverage risk – Small price movements can cause big losses.

  • The biggest issue is counterparty risk – the risk that the other party may default.

    • OTC derivatives have higher risk because they lack a central clearing house.
    • During the 2008 financial crisis, unregulated derivatives (like credit default swaps) contributed to the crash.

No. Every derivative has a predefined contract limit, either:

  • Expiry date (for futures, options).
  • Notional value (for swaps, forwards).

Unlimited risk exists only in naked short options (where losses can be infinite).

  • The 7 key principles when trading derivatives:

    1. Know your risk exposure – Understand the worst-case scenario.
    2. Use leverage wisely – Avoid overexposure.
    3. Understand pricing factors – Interest rates, volatility, time decay.
    4. Set exit strategies – Predefine stop-loss and take-profit levels.
    5. Follow market trends – Stay updated on economic indicators.
    6. Manage liquidity risk – Avoid illiquid contracts.
    7. Regulatory compliance – Follow trading rules and exchange requirements.

🔹 Hedging: Protects against price movements (e.g., airlines use oil futures to avoid fuel price volatility).
🔹 Diversification: Reduces overall portfolio risk by using contracts linked to different assets.

  • Hedging – Protecting against market fluctuations.
  • Speculation – Profiting from price movements.
  • Underlying Asset – Derives value from stocks, commodities, currencies, etc.
  • Leverage – Small investments control large positions.
  • Expiry/Settlement Date – Contract validity period.
  • Risk & Return Relationship – High potential for profit or loss.